S2 E26 Francois Philidor v. Cotter (1789)

This week, we are looking at the opera writer and musician who documented chess books and endgames so well we are still using them today. 

Francois-Andre Danican (Dan-ee-con) Philidor came from a well known musical family. His grandfather was given nickname of Philidor by King Louis XIII of France because his oboe playing reminded him of the Italian oboist Filidor. 

When he was 6, Philidor joined the royal choir of King Louis XV of France in 1732. The story goes that Louis XV wanted to listen to the choir every day, so while waiting for the king, the kids would play chess to relieve their boredom. Philidor performed his first work directly for the king at the age of 11. When he was 14, his voice changed and he had to leave the royal choir. 

This started a life of excelling at a music career and chess profession at the same time. 

In the 1740’s - He worked in Paris as a performer, teacher, and music copyist.On the side, he played at the Cafe de la Regence where he played chess against a friends - Benjamin Franklin, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Francois Voltaire among others. In 1749, he wrote Analyse du je des Echecs, the book was so popular that by 1871 (almost 125 years later), it had 70 different editions translated into 5 languages. This book featured the now famous - Philidor Position - a staple of rook endgame studies still used today.

In the mid 1750’s; For music, Philidor began to focus on writing musical scores. For chess, he played and won a match against his old coach and formerly strongest player in France - Legal de Kermeur (Ka-moor) (Legal is who the Legal’s mate is named after) - after the match, many people began to say Philidor was the strongest player in the world for the next almost 50 years. Side note: they did not have a formal World Championship cycle for another 80 years.

In the 1760s; he wrote 3 of his most successful musical works - Le sorcier, Tom Jones, and Ernelinde, Princess of Norway. Philidor married his wife and later had 7 children with her. 

In the 1770s; the Freemasons’ Hall in London hosted Philidor’s first performance of Carmen Saeculaire. Chess was not considered a profession during this era. Philidor received payment from London chess clubs for his residency/lessons from February to June every year.

On May 9th, 1783 he played 3 blindfold chess games at once. Philidor had the players sign affidavits as he thought future generations wouldn’t believe this feat was possible. 

In 1792, he was forced to leave France due to the French Revolution because his name was on the Revolutionary banishment list due to his family’s attachment to the King’s family service.

During an era of sacrificing pawns, Philidor used pawns to solidify a position (control squares or form pawn chains) and avoid having weaknesses with them (backward or isolated) - these ideas became mainstream in the 1920’s (200+ years ahead of his era) drawing controversy from his peers. His quote of - “Les pions sont de l'âme du jeu” (pawns are the soul of the game) is referenced for middle game strategy today. 

This week, we are looking at an odds game - Francois-Andre Danican (Dan-ee-con) Philidor versus Cotter from 1789. In this game, white does not have a rook on a1.

1. e4 e5 2. f4 d5 3. Nf3 exf4 4. exd5 Qxd5 5. Nc3 Qe6+ 6. Kf2 Be7 7. d4 Nf6 8. Bxf4 Ne4+ 9. Nxe4 Qxe4 10. Bxc7 Nc6 11. Bd3 Qe6 12. Re1 Qxa2 13. Bb5 Bd7 14. d5 Qxb2 15. dxc6 bxc6 16. Bxc6 Bxc6 17. Rxe7+ Kxe7 18. Qd6+ Ke8 19. Qxc6+ Ke7 20. Bd6+ Kd8 21. Qc7+ Ke8 22. Qe7# 1-0

https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1580864

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Andr%C3%A9_Danican_Philidor

https://blindfoldchesspodcast.com/